The internal combustion
engine in today's modern vehicle requires
sophisticated filtration to keep the air, oil, fuel
and other liquids or gases ultra clean. Filtration
technology is constantly changing to keep pace with
the latest in engine technology but the basic
principles remain the same. A typical air filter in an
internal combustion engine (ICE) removes dust, soot,
carbon, abrasives, moisture and other contaminants
from the air before it enters the engine induction
system. If contamination gets inside the induction
system, even the tiniest microscopic dust particles
can damage fuel injectors, cylinder walls, pistons
and rings and lead to expensive repairs in a very
short time. Therefore a quality air filter is a
critical component in prolonging engine life. Typical automotive air
filter designs include:
Axial
Conical
Panel
Radial
Most standard automotive air filters
utilize a paper type media in their construction.
Some even use an oil wetted media to enhance their
filtering capability while others may have a foam
precleaner attached. The media removes harmful
contaminants from the air in much the same way an
oil filter media removes contaminants from the oil.
The construction, design and type of media used in
an air filter determines how well the air
filter performs. Some alternative performance air
filter designs utilize a cotton gauze media.
Performance
Due to the high volume of
air required to burn a small amount of fuel in a
typical engine, it is very important to have an
unrestricted flow of air to the engine. Even a
partially restricted air filter can undermine the
performance and reduce the fuel economy of your
vehicle.
Servicing
It is recommended to change the air filter between
10,000 and 12,000 miles (15,000 kms/20,000 kms) or
once a year unless otherwise specified by the
vehicle manufacturer. This helps keep the flow of
air to your engine clean, for peak performance and
maximum fuel economy. However depending on operating
and climatic conditions, it may be necessary to
change the air filter more often. Changing the air
filter in most automobiles could be considered a DIY project.
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More Information
Following is a list of Technical Service
Bulletins related to air filters (in PDF format -
click on each one to open) which are provided as a
service to the public by the Filter Manufacturers Council:
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